• Gay, Jonathan, Jackson, Scott, Waddorups, N.,  and Xiong, G., "Superior-Subordinate Divergence in Controllability Judgements," Journal of Management Accounting, 2024.
  
  
• Grasser, Robert, Newman, Andrew, and Xiong, X., “The Effect of Horizontal Pay Transparency on Employee Motivation When Pay Dispersion is Performance-Based and Non-Performance-Based,” Journal of Management Accounting Research. 
  
  
• Stefaniak, Chad, Newman, Andrew, Hawkins, E., Robertson, J., and Vinson, J., “Time out: Auditor perceptions and audit outcomes when moving away from a time-based budget model,” Accounting Horizons.
  
  
• Stefaniak, Chad, Judge, S., and Goodson, B., “Audit Firm Tenure Disclosure and Nonprofessional Investors’ Perceptions of Auditor Independence: The Mitigating Effect of Partner Rotation Disclosure,” Contemporary Accounting Research.
  
  
• Stefaniak, Chad, Commeford, B., and Mullis C., "Management's Reporting Motives and the Leniency of Auditors' Internal Control Evaluations: The Role of Organizational Identification and Auditoor-Type," The Accounting Review.
  
  
• Zimbelman, Aaron, Black. P., Jackson, K., and Rowe, S., “The Effect of Personalized Communication on Investor Earnings Fixation,” Journal of Financial Reporting.

• Arnold., M, Artz, M., and Grasser, Robert, “When Do Firms Adjust Bonus Targets Intra-Year? Evidence from Sales Executives’ Targets,” Contemporary Accounting Research, 40 (1), 2023.
  
  
• Bobek Schmitt, Donna, Seifert, Spenser, and LaMothe, E., “Ethical Infrastructure, Professional Autonomy, and Ethical Judgments in Accounting Work Environments," Journal of Business Ethics, 182 (3), 2023.
  
  
• Tan, H., and Yeo, Feng, “You Have Been Forewarned! The Effects of Risk Management Disclosures and Disclosure Tone on Investors’ Judgments,” Accounting, Organizations and Society, 105, 2023.

• Arnold, M., and Grasser, Robert, “Do Job Candidates’ Effort Promises Matter When the Labor Market is Competitive? Experimental Evidence,” Journal of Management Accounting Research, 34 (2), 2022.
  
  
• Canace, T., Jackson, Scott, Ma, T., Zimbelman, Aaron, “Accounting for R&D: Evidence and Implications,” Contemporary Accounting Research, 39 (3), 2022.
  
  
• Harris, L., Jackson, Scott, Owens, J., and Seybert, N., “Recruiting Dark Personalities for Earnings Management,” Journal of Business Ethics, 178 (1), 2022.
  
  
• Newman Andrew, Stikeleather, Bryan, and Waddoups, N., “How relative performance information affects exploration-exploitation decisions,” Journal of Management Accounting Research, 34 (1), 2022.
  
  
• Tan, H., and Yeo, Feng, “What Happens When Managers Are Informed? Effects of Critical Audit Matter Awareness and Auditor Relationship on Managers’ Accounting Estimates,” The Accounting Review, 97 (4), 2022.
  
  
• Zimbelman, Aaron, “Can Auditors Improve Their Judgment by Drawing on the Crowd Within?” Contemporary Accounting Research, 39 (2), 2022.

• Austin, Chelsea Rae, Bobek Schmitt, Donna, and Jackson, Scott, “Does Prospect Theory Explain Ethical Decision Making? Evidence from Tax Compliance,” Accounting, Organizations and Society, 94 (October), 2021.
  
  
• Bobek Schmitt, Donna, Feustel, L. and Vandervelde, S., “Do Tax Professionals Act like Auditors when Evaluating Tax -Related Audit Evidence?” Behavioral Research in Accounting, Vol. 33, 2021.
  
  
• Bobek Schmitt, Donna, Austin, Chelsea Rae, and Harris, L., “Does information about gender pay matter to investors? An experimental investigation,” Accounting, Organizations and Society. Vol 90, 2021.
  
  
• Brown, Timothy, Majors, T., and Vance, T., “Incomplete Contracts and Employee Opportunism: How Machiavellianism Moderates the Effects of Impacting an Uncompensated Objective,”  Journal of Management Accounting Research, 33(2), 2021.
  
  
• Grasser, Robert, Majerczyk, M., Stahle, M., and Yang, D., “The Benefits of Deliberative Involvement in the Design of Incomplete Feedback Systems,” Contemporary Accounting Research, 38(3), 2021.
  
  
• Hampton, Clark, Sutton, S.G., Arnold, V., and Khazanchi, D., “Cyber Supply Chain Risk Management: Toward an Understanding of the Antecedents to Demand for Assurance,” Journal of Information Science, 35(2), 2021.
  
  
• Yeo, Feng, “Is Framing More Effective Than Regulating Disclosures? The Effect of Risk Disclosure Frame and Regime on Managers’ Disclosure Choices,” Contemporary Accounting Research, 38 (4), 2021.
  
  
• Zimbelman, Aaron, Jenkins, J., Valacich, J., and Zimbelman, M., “Detecting Noncompliant Behavior in Organizations: How Responses and Behaviors Reveal Risk,” Journal of Management Information Systems, 38 (3), 2021.

• Austin, Chelsea Rae, Bobek Schmitt, Donna, LaMothe, E., “The Effect of Temporary Changes and Expectations on Individuals’ Decisions: Evidence from a Tax Compliance Setting,” The Accounting Review, 95(3), 2020.
  
  
• Bobek Schmitt, Donna and LaMothe, E., “Are Individuals More Milling to Lie to a Computer or a Human? Evidence from a Tax Compliance Setting,” Journal of Business Ethics, 167, 2020.
  
  
• Brown, Timothy, Majors, T., and Peecher, M., “The Impact of Judgment Rule and Critical Audit Mattrs on Assessments of Auditor Legal Liability – The Moderating Role of Legal Knowledge,” Accounting, Organizations and Society, November 2020, 87.
  
  
• Brown, Timothy, Grant, S. and Winn, A., “The Effect of Mobile Device Use and Headline Focus on Investor Judgements,” Accounting, Organizations and Society, May 2020, 83.
  
  
• Newman, Drew, Tafkov, I., and Zhou, F., “The Effect of Incentive Scheme and Task Type on Psychological Entitlement and Altruistic Behavior,” Contemporary Accounting Research, 37(3), 2020.
  
  
• Stefaniak, Chad, Collins, Andrew, and Aghazadeh, S., “The Effects of Client Status and the Auditor’s Presentation of Multiple Estimation Alternatives on Client Financial Reporting Aggressiveness,” Behavioral Research in Accounting, 2020.
  
  
• Wolfe, C.J., Christensen, B.E., and Vandervelde, Scott, “Intuitive versus analytical thinking and impairment testing,” Contemporary Accounting Research, 37(3), 2020.
  
  
• Zimbelman, Aaron, Hobson, J., and Stern, M., “The Benefit of Mean Auditors: The Influence of Social Interaction and the Dark Triad on Unjustified Auditor Trust,” Contemporary Accounting Research, 37(2), 2020.

• Austin, Chelsea Rae, “The potential of tax surprises to affect measures of tax avoidance and researchers’ inferences,” The Journal of American Taxation Association, 41(1), 2019.
  
  
• Baker, Timothy L. and Lewellyn, P., “Be Careful Where You Click,” Southeast CASE Research Journal, 16(2).
  
  
• Bobek Schmitt, Donna, Dalton, D., Hageman, A., and Radtke, R., “An Experiential Investigation of Tax Professionals’ Contentious Interactions with Clients,” The Journal of American Taxation Association, 41, Issue 2, Fall 2019.
  
  
• Lail, B., Lipe, Robert, Yi, H., “Revisiting the (Mis)Pricing of Accruals,” Journal of Financial Reporting,  4, No.1, Spring 2019.
  
  
• Newman, Andrew, Black, Paul, Stikeleather, Bryan, and Waddoups, N., “Performance feedback type and employees’ subsequent willingness to help other employees,” Journal of Management Accounting Research, 31(3), 2019.
  
  
• Newman, Andrew, Hannan, L., Tafkov, I., and McPhee, G., “The Informativeness of Relative Performance Information and its Effect on Effort Allocation in a MultiTask Environment,” Contemporary Accounting Research, 36(3), 2019.
  
  
• Newman, Andrew, Hecht, G., and Tafkov, I., “Managers’ strategic use of discretion over relative performance information provision and implications for team-members’ effort,” Management Accounting Research, 45, December 2019.
  
  
• Hamilton, E.L., Hirsch, R.M., Murthy, U.S., and Rasso, Jason T., “The effects of a public indicator of accounting aggressiveness on managers’ financial reporting decisions,” Managerial Accounting Journal,34(8).
  
  
• Persellin, J.S., Schmidt, J.J., Vandervelde, Scott, and Wilkins, M.S., “Auditor Perceptions of Audit Workloads, Audit Quality, and Job Satisfaction,” Accounting Horizons, 33(4), 2019.
  
  
• He, Y., Tan, H., Yeo, Feng, Zhang, J., “When Do Qualitative Risk Disclosures Backfire? The Effects of a Mismatch in Hedge Disclosure Formats on Investors’ Judgments,” Contemporary Accounting Research, 36(4), December 2019.

• Grasser, Robert, Arnold, M., "What is a Fair Amount of Executive Compensation? Outrage Potential of Two Key Stakeholder Groups,"  Journal of Business, Finance & Accounting, Vol. 45, 2018.
  
  
• Harris, Ling, Majerczyk, M., and Newman, Andrew, "An Examination of how the Effort-inducing Property of Incentive Compensation Influences Performance in Multidimensional Tasks," Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol. 149.
  
  
• Jackson, Scott, Hansen, V., Schaefer, T., Stewart, B., "The Psychology of Billing," Contemporary Accounting Research, Vol. 35(3), 2018.
  
  
• Jackson, Scott, Ma, T. and Canace, T., "R&D Investments, Capital Expenditures, and Earnings Thresholds," Review of Accounting Studies, Vol. 23 (1), 2018.
  
  
• Lipe, Marlys Gascho, "Unpacking the Disclosure Package: Using Experiments to Investigate Investor Reactions to Narrative Disclosures," Accounting, Organizations, & Society, July 2018.
  
  
• Rasso, Jason, Hamilton, E.L., Hirsch, R.M., and Murthy, U.S., "The Ethicality of Earnings Management," Strategic Finance, November 2018.
  
  
• Stefaniak, Chad, Lambert, T., and Luppold, B, "Audit Partner Disclosure: An Experimental Exploration of Accounting Information Contagion," Behavioral Research in Accounting, 2018.
  
  
• Stefaniak, Chad and Weber, J., “Using Undisclosed Time Budgets to Reduce the Magnitude of Auditors’ Underreporting of Chargeable Time,” Behavioral Research in Accounting,

• Austin, Chelsea Rae, and Wilson, R.J., "An Examination of Reputational Costs and Tax Avoidance: Evidence from Firms with Valuable Consumer Brands," The Journal of the American Taxation Association, Vol. 39 (1).
  
  
• Lipe, Marlys and Koonce, L., "Firms with Inconsistently Signed Earning Surprises: Do Potential Investors Use a Counting Heuristic?", Contemporary Accounting Research, Spring 2017.
  
  
• Pierce, Barbara, and Cordis, A., "The Impact of Class Scheduling on Academic Performance in Quantitative and Qualitative Business Disciplines," Global Perspectives on Accounting Education, Fall 2017.
  
  
• Schmitt, Donna Bobek, Dalton, D., Daugherty, B., Hageman, A., Radtke, R., "An Investigation of Ethical Environments of CPAs: Public Accounting versus Industry," Behavioral Research in Accounting, 2017, Vol. 29 (1).
  
  
• Stefaniak, Chad, Houston, R., and Brandon, D., "Investigating Inspection Risk: An Analysis of PCAOB Inspections and Internal Quality Reviews," Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, February 2017, Vol. 36 (1).
  
  
• Stefaniak, Chad, Weisbarth, A., Barnes, M., Abernathy, J., "An International Perspective on Audit Report Lag: A Synthesis of the Literature and Opportunities for Future Research," International Journal of Auditing, Vol. 21 (1), 2017.
  
  
• Vandervelde, Scott, Joe, J., Wu, Y-J., "Use of Third Party Specialists' Reports When Auditing Fair Value Measurements: Do Auditors Stay in their Comfort Zones?" The Accounting Review, Vol. 92 (5), 2017.
  
  
• Vandervelde, Scott, Cipriano, M., Hamilton, E.L., "Has the lack of use of the qualified audit opinion turned it into the "Rotten Kid" threat?",  Critical Perspectives in Accounting, Vol. 47, 2017.
  
  
• Vandervelde, Scott, Bagwell, C., Quick, L., "Analytical Procedures Case: An in-class Exercise," Advances in Accounting Education: Teaching and Curriculum Innovations, Vol. 20, 2017.

• Harris, Ling, Hobson, J., Jackson, K., "The Effect of Investor Status on Investors' Susceptibility to Earnings Fixation, Contemporary Accounting Research, 33 (1), 2016.
  
  
• Jackson, Scott, Canace, T., and Hatfield, R., "Conservatism and Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol 52, July 2016.
  
  
• Jackson, Scott, Brazel, J., Schaefer, T., and Stewart, B., "Outcome Bias and Auditor Skepticism," The Accounting Review, Vol. 91, Nov. 2016.
  
  
• Newman, Andrew; Stikeleather, Bryan; Evans, H., and Moser, D., "Honor among thieves: Open internal reporting and managerial collusion," Contemporary Accounting Research, Vol. 33 (4), Winter 2016.
  
  
• Newman, Andrew, Coi, W., and Talkov, I., "A marathon, a series of sprints, or both? An analysis of tournament horizon in multi-period tournament settings," The Accounting Review, Vol. 91 (5), 2016.
  
  
• Schmitt, Donna Bobek, Chen, J., Hageman, A., and Tian, Y., "Are More Choices Better? An Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Multiple Tax Incentives," Journal of the American Taxation Association, Vol. 38 (2), 2016.
  
  
• Stefaniak, Chad, Hermanson, D., Houston, R., and Wilkins, A., "The Work Environment in Large Public Accounting Firms," Current Issues in Auditing, 2016.
  
  
• Stefaniak, Chad, "Using 'The Wave' to Facilitate Students' Understanding of the Social and Psychological Pressures Associated with the Auditing Profession," Current Issues in Auditing, 2016.
  
  
• Stikeleather, Bryan, "When do employers benefit from offering workers a financial reward for reporting internal misconduct?" Accounting, Organizations and Society, 52, 2016.
  
  
• Vandervelde, Scott, Cipriano, M., and Hamilton, E.L., "Newport Soup Inc.: An Inherent Risk Assessment Case," Journal of Accounting Education, Vol. 37, 2016.

• Harris, Ling, Chen, S., Li, W., and Wu, D., "How does XBRL Affect Cost of Equity Capital from an Emerging Market," Journal of International Accounting Research, 14(2), 2015.
  
  
• Ma, Tao, Brockman, P., and Ye, J., "CEO Compensation Risk and Timely Loss Recognition," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 42 (1), 2015.
  
  
• Rasso, Jason, "Construal instructions and professional skepticism in evaluating complex estimates," Accounting, Organizations, and Society, 46, 2015.
  
  
• Schmitt, Donna Bobek, Hageman, A., and Radtke, R., "The Influence of Roles and Organizational Fit on Accounting Professionals' Perceptions of their Firms' Ethical Environment," Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 126 (1), 2015.
  
  
• Schmitt, Donna Bobek, Hageman, A., and Radtke, R., "The Effects of Professional Role, Decision Context, and Gender on the Ethical Decision Making of Public Accounting Professionals," Behavioral Research in Accounting, Volume 27 (1), 2015.
  
  
• Schmitt, Donna Bobek, Hageman, A., and Radtke, R., "The Influence of State Sales and Use Taxes on Capital Expenditures and Manufacturing Employment," Public Finance Review, Volume 43 (4), 2015.
  
  
• Stefaniak, Chad, Bennett, B., and Hatfield, R., "The Effect of Deadline Pressure on Pre-Negotiation Positions: A Comparison of Auditors and Client Management," Contemporary Accounting Research, 2015.
  
  
• Stefaniak, Chad, Houston, R., and Robertson, J., "Do PCAOB Inspection Reports Influence Corporate Executives' Perceptions of Audit Quality and the Likelihood of Switching Auditor?" Accounting and the Public Interest, 2015.
  
  
• Vasarhelyi, M.A., Kogan, A., and Tuttle, B., "Big Data in Accounting: An Overview," Accounting Horizons, Vol. 20 (2), 2015.

• Edwards, James, "Cost Management: When is it Safe to Spend Again?" The Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance, March/Apr. 2014.
  
  
• Edwards, James, "The Urge to Merge," The Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance, Jan./Feb. 2014.
  
  
• Edwards, James B., and Baker, Timothy L., "The Outlook as Financial Convergence Falters," Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance, Sept./Oct. 2014.
  
  
• Newman, Andrew H., "An Investigation of How the Informal Communication of Firm Preferences Influences Managerial Honesty," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol. 39 (3), April 2014.
  
  
• Newman, Andrew H., and I. Tafkov, "Relative performance information in tournaments with different prize structures," Accounting, Organizations, and Society, 39 (5), 2014.
  
  
• Rasso, Jason, "Apology accepted: The benefits of an apology for a deficient audit following an audit failure," Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 33(1),m 2014.
  
  
• Schmitt, Donna Bobek, and Hageman, A., "Institutional and Political Antecedents of Inter-Jurisdictional Tax Harmonization: Lessons from Three States," Accounting and the Public Interest, Vol. 14 (1), 2014.
  
  
• Schmitt, Donna Bobek, Hageman, A., and Radtke, R., "A Research Note on Professional Skepticism and Client Advocacy," Advances in Accounting Behavioral Research, Vol. 17, 2014.
  
  
• Stefaniak, Chad, Abernathy, J., Beyer, B., and Masli, A., "The Association Between Characteristics of Audit Committee Accounting Experts, Audit Committee Chairs, and Financial Reporting Timelines," Advances in Accounting, 2014.
  
  
• Tuttle, Brad, and Wang, L., "Using corporate social responsibility performance to evaluate financial disclosure credibility," Accounting and Business Research, Vol. 44 (5), 2014.
  
  
• Tuttle, Brad and Wu, Y., "The Interactive Effects of Internal Control Audits and Manager Legal Liability on Managers' Internal Controls Decisions, Investor Confidence, and Market Prices," Contemporary Accounting Research, Vol. 31 (2), 2014.
  
  
• Tuttle, Brad, Taylor, M., and Xu, Y., "The Willingness of Information Systems Professionals to Convey Negative Project Information During a Pre-Implementation Review," Journal of Information Systems, Vol. 28 (2), 2014.
  
  
• Messier, W.F. Jr., Quick, L., Vandervelde, Scott D., "The Influence of Process Accountability and Accounting Standard Type on Auditor Usage of a Status Quo Heuristic," Accounting, Organizations & Society, Vol. 39 (1), 2014.

• Cecchini, Mark; Ecker, J.; Kupferschmid, M,; and Leitch, Robert A., "Solving NonLinear Principal-Agent Problems using Bilevel Programming," European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 230, Issue 2, October 2013.
  
  
• Cecchini, Mark; Leitch, Robert; and Strobel, Caroline, "Multinational Transfer Pricing: A Transaction Cost and Resource Based View," Journal of Accounting Literature, Vol. 31, Issue 1, July 2013.
  
  
• Salter, Stephen B., Kang, T., Gotti, G, and Doupnik, Timothy S., "The Role of Social Values, Accounting Values and Institutions in Determining Accounting Conservatism," Management International Review, Vol. 53, Issue 4, 2013.
  
  
• Edwards, James, "Cost Management in an Age of Prevailing Crisis," The Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance, March/Apr. 2013.
  
  
• Edwards, James, "Managing Cash in Turbulent Times," The Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance, Nov./Dec. 2013.
  
  
• Edwards, James, "The Global Company: Can It Help World Stability?", The Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance, Sept./Oct. 2013. 
  
  
• Jackson, Scott, Keune, T., and Salzsieder, L., "Debt, Equity, and Capital Investment," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 56 (2-3), 2013.
  
  
• Hannan, R. Lynn; McPhee, Gregory P.; Newman, Andrew H.; and Tafkov, Ivo D. "The effects of relative performance information on performance and effort allocation in a multi-talk environment," The Accounting Review, 88:2, (March) 2013.
  
  
• Stefaniak, Chad, Abernathy, J., and Barnes, M., "A Summary of 10 Years of PCAOB Research: What Have We Learned?" Journal of Accounting Literature, 2013.
  
  
• Stefaniak, Chad, Bame-Aldred, C., Brandon, D., Messier, W., and Rittenberg, L., "A Summary of Research on External Auditor Reliance on the Internal Audit Function," Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 2013.
  
  
• Stefaniak, Chad, and Houston, R., "Audit Partner Perceptions of Post-Audit Review Mechanisms: An Examination of Internal Quality Review and PCAOB Inspections," Accounting Horizons, 2013.
  
  
• Tuttle, Brad, and Davis, J., "A Heuristic-Systematic Model of End-User Information Processing when Encountering IS Exceptions," Information & Management, Vol. 50, Issue 2-3, March-April 2013.
  
  
• Gramling, A.A., E. O'Donnell, and Vandervelde, Scott, "An experimental examination of factors that influence auditor assessments of a deficiency in internal control over financial reporting," Accounting Horizons, Vol. 27 (2), 2013.

• Cecchini, Mark; Jackson, Scott; and Liu, Xiaotao, "Do Initial Public Offering Firms Manage Accruals? Evidence from Individual Accounts," Review of Accounting Studies, March 2012, Vol. 17, Issue 1.
  
  
• Edwards, James, "Executive Briefing: Effective Asset Management," The Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance, Nov./Dec. 2012.
  
  
• Keune, Marsha, and Johnstone, K., "Materiality Judgments and the Resolution of Detected Misstatements: The Role of Managers, Auditors, and Audit Committees," The Accounting Review, 87 (5), 2012.
  
  
• Stefaniak, Chad, Houston, R., and Cornell, R., "The Effects of Organizational Identification on Internal Auditors' Evaluation of Internal Control Deficiencies," Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 2012.
  
  
• Stefaniak, Chad, and Cornell, R., "Social Identification and Differences in External and Internal Auditor Objectivity," Current Issues in Auditing, 2012.
  
  
• Tuttle, Brad and Xu, Y., "Adaption-Innovation at Work: A New Measure of Problem Solving Styles," Journal of Applied Management Accounting Research, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2012.
  
  
• Hansen, Vicki and White, Rich, "An Investigation of the Impact of Preparer Penalty Provisions on Tax Preparer Aggressiveness," Journal of American Taxation Association, Spring 2012.

• Agoglia, C., Doupnik, Tim, and Tsakumis, G., "Principles-based vs. Rules-based Accounting Standards: The Influence of Standard Precision on Financial Reporting Decisions," The Accounting Review, 86, 2011.
  
  
• Hatfield, Rick.; Jackson, Scott;  and Vandervelde, Scott. "The Effects of Prior Auditor Involvement and Client Pressure on Proposed Audit Adjustments," Behavioral Research in Accounting, 23 (2), 2011.
  
  
• Stefaniak, Chad, Curtis, M., and Robertson, J., "Does Wrongdoer Reputation Matter? Impact of Wrongdoer Performance and Likeability Reputations on Auditors' Intention to Take Action and Choice of Reporting Outlet, Behavioral Research in Accounting, 2011.

Accounting Faculty Research Examine Risky Tax Decisions by those Owing Income Taxes
Accounting professors Chelsea Rae Austin, Donna Bobek Schmitt and Scott Jackson find in their research that the aggravation taxpayers feel from owing income taxes, versus receiving a refund, makes it easier for them to morally justify cheating behavior. 

Investigating Behavioral Implications of Workplace Giving
A dissertation aims to show how monetary and non-monetary incentives are critical aspects of work design as they influence employee productivity, creativity and commitment.

Preparing  Ph.D. Students for Academia Careers
Accounting professor tries to instill a sense of family into mentoring Ph.D. accounting students by giving a high level of support to help guide them through the program and prepare them for careers in academia.